What types of cataracts are there?

Cataract is an ophthalmic problem that occurs when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy and cloudy. The lens is the normally clear part of the eye that focuses light on the retina, allowing clear vision. However, over time, proteins inside the lens can build up and harden, resulting in clouding and loss of visual acuity.

Cataracts usually occur with aging, but can also be caused by other factors, such as injuries, genetics, smoking or long-term exposure to sunlight.

Types of cataracts

1. Senile cataract: The most common type, develops with age. Proteins build up and harden over time, causing blurred vision. It usually progresses slowly.
2. Congenital cataract: Present from birth, as a result of genetic factors or problems during pregnancy (infections, toxins). It can significantly affect the development of vision and require early surgical treatment.
3. Traumatic cataract: Occurs as a result of physical injury to the eye (impact, trauma). It can occur immediately after the injury or gradually.
4. Secondary cataract: It develops after surgical interventions on the eye (cataract, retina surgery), due to remaining lens cells or scars.
5. Radiation cataract: Occurs after exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation, e.g. during radiotherapy in cancer treatment.
6. Dioptric cataract: Long-term use of drugs, especially corticosteroids, can increase the risk of its development.
7. Nuclear cataract: Clouding of the central part of the lens (nucleus). It often affects color perception and visual acuity when viewing at a distance.

These are some of the main types of cataracts. It is important to emphasize that each person can develop a different type or a combination of several types. The diagnosis and treatment plan are determined with the help of an ophthalmologist, who will take into account all the individual characteristics of the patient.

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